J Neurol Res

Journal of Neurology Research, ISSN 1923-2845 print, 1923-2853 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Neurol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.neurores.org

Original Article

Volume 2, Number 6, December 2012, pages 227-234

Single Dose Methylphenidate Does Not Impact on Attention and Decision Making in Healthy Medical Students

**Table 1.** The Average Values for Each Phase of the TOVA. Phase 1 and 2 are the “Target Frequent” Phases and Phase 3 and 4 are the “Target Infrequent” Phases Which Explains the Sharp Increase in Number of Commissions
	Phase (mean ± std)
Using a MANOVA test, no significant difference was found between placebo and MPH (n = 45, P > 0.05).
Placebo	Omissions (%)	0.6 ± 0.41	0.49 ± 1.48	0.39 ± 1.31	0.37 ± 1.47
	Commissions (%)	0.32 ± 0.61	0.23 ± 0.40	10.02 ± 8.92	10.80 ± 10.54
	RT (msec)	340 ± 45	348 ± 47	301 ± 46	305 ± 52
	RT variability (msec)	53 ± 17	54 ± 16	64 ± 21	69 ± 27
	D prime	7.95 ± 0.92	7.71 ± 1.31	5.71 ± 1.46	5.47 ± 1.27
MPH	Omsissions (%)	0.00 ± 0.00	0.06 ± 0.41	0.10 ± 0.32	0.19 ± 0.97
	Commissions (%)	0.38 ± 0.60	0.28 ± 0.45	8.64 ± 7.40	10.30 ± 9.59
	RT (msec)	334 ± 41	344 ± 45	299 ± 40	297 ± 49
	RT variability (msec)	51 ± 14	55 ± 26	60 ± 22	62 ± 20
	D prime	7.83 ± 0.94	7.89 ± 0.91	5.82 ± 1.19	5.76 ± 1.21

Table 1. The Average Values for Each Phase of the TOVA. Phase 1 and 2 are the “Target Frequent” Phases and Phase 3 and 4 are the “Target Infrequent” Phases Which Explains the Sharp Increase in Number of Commissions

Phase (mean ± std)

Using a MANOVA test, no significant difference was found between placebo and MPH (n = 45, P > 0.05).

Placebo

Omissions (%)

0.6 ± 0.41

0.49 ± 1.48

0.39 ± 1.31

0.37 ± 1.47

Commissions (%)

0.32 ± 0.61

0.23 ± 0.40

10.02 ± 8.92

10.80 ± 10.54

RT (msec)

340 ± 45

348 ± 47

301 ± 46

305 ± 52

RT variability (msec)

53 ± 17

54 ± 16

64 ± 21

69 ± 27

D prime

7.95 ± 0.92

7.71 ± 1.31

5.71 ± 1.46

5.47 ± 1.27

MPH

Omsissions (%)

0.00 ± 0.00

0.06 ± 0.41

0.10 ± 0.32

0.19 ± 0.97

Commissions (%)

0.38 ± 0.60

0.28 ± 0.45

8.64 ± 7.40

10.30 ± 9.59

RT (msec)

334 ± 41

344 ± 45

299 ± 40

297 ± 49

RT variability (msec)

51 ± 14

55 ± 26

60 ± 22

62 ± 20

D prime

7.83 ± 0.94

7.89 ± 0.91

5.82 ± 1.19

5.76 ± 1.21

**Table 2.** The Average Values for Each Ratio on the mCGT
	Ratio (mean ± std)
Using a MANOVA test, no significant difference was found between placebo and MPH (n = 45, P > 0.05).
Placebo	RT (msec)	1.272 ± 994	1,331 ± 878	1.433 ± 926	1.584 ± 780
	Sum of bet ($)	88 ± 13	78 ± 16	69 ± 17	55 ± 21
	Quality of gamble (%)	99.25 ± 3.47	98.51 ± 5.96	99.25 ± 3.47	94.44 ± 12.30
MPH	RT (msec)	1,153 ± 567	1,198 ± 540	1.424 ± 832	1.554 ± 862
	Sum of bet ($)	89 ± 14	79 ± 16	67 ± 17	52 ± 20
	Quality of gamble (%)	97.03 ± 8.91	97.77 ± 7.62	97.03 ± 8.17	95.92 ± 11.32

Table 2. The Average Values for Each Ratio on the mCGT

Ratio (mean ± std)

1:9

2:8

3:7

4:6

Using a MANOVA test, no significant difference was found between placebo and MPH (n = 45, P > 0.05).

Placebo

RT (msec)

1.272 ± 994

1,331 ± 878

1.433 ± 926

1.584 ± 780

Sum of bet ($)

88 ± 13

78 ± 16

69 ± 17

55 ± 21

Quality of gamble (%)

99.25 ± 3.47

98.51 ± 5.96

99.25 ± 3.47

94.44 ± 12.30

MPH

RT (msec)

1,153 ± 567

1,198 ± 540

1.424 ± 832

1.554 ± 862

Sum of bet ($)

89 ± 14

79 ± 16

67 ± 17

52 ± 20

Quality of gamble (%)

97.03 ± 8.91

97.77 ± 7.62

97.03 ± 8.17

95.92 ± 11.32

**Table 3.** The Average of Differences (After - Before) Between Cardiovascular Measures in Both Experiment Conditions
	Placebo	MPH
Using a MANOVA test, no measure reached significant difference. A negative value signifies a decrease on second measurement. (n = 45, P > 0.05) (bpm: beats per minute; BP: blood pressure(.
HR (bpm)	-6.88	10.13	-4.87	7.40
Systolic BP (mmHg)	-0.15	9.00	2.86	8.83
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	0.44	6.99	4.08	7.25

Table 3. The Average of Differences (After - Before) Between Cardiovascular Measures in Both Experiment Conditions

Placebo

MPH

Mean

Std. deviation

Mean

Std. deviation

Using a MANOVA test, no measure reached significant difference. A negative value signifies a decrease on second measurement. (n = 45, P > 0.05) (bpm: beats per minute; BP: blood pressure(.

HR (bpm)

-6.88

10.13

-4.87

7.40

Systolic BP (mmHg)

-0.15

9.00

2.86

8.83

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

0.44

6.99

4.08

7.25

**Table 4.** The Average of Differences (After - Before) Between Subjective Measures in Both Experiment Conditions
	Placebo	MPH
Using a T-test, no significant difference was found for any pair. A negative value signifies a tendency towards the right handed adjective. (n = 45, P > 0.05).
Friendly - Withdrawn	-0.77	11.72	1.25	9.90
Alert - Drowsy	0.05	22.4	-6.50	20.08
Calm - Excited	-5.27	17.68	-1.64	18.52
Clear minded - Fuzzy	6.25	14.41	4.82	17.06
Coordinated - Clumsy	3.36	11.26	3.89	14.03
Energetic - Lethargic	4.09	19.11	-1.68	17.82
Troubled - Tranquil	-0.64	14.39	-2.95	16.72
Contented - Discontented	1.50	10.75	-5.30	12.73
Strong - Feeble	3.05	14.59	1.68	16.19
Mentally slow - Quick witted	-2.18	15.17	-1.20	12.06
Tense - Relaxed	-1.11	15.30	-3.30	12.23
Attentive - Dreamy	0.41	14.38	1.30	12.21
Proficient - Incompetent	1.66	8.40	0.41	11.47
Happy - Sad	-2.05	10.29	-2.45	12.28
Amicable - Antagonistic	0.43	8.50	0.02	7.69
Interested - Bored	1.02	13.06	-2.36	11.24

Table 4. The Average of Differences (After - Before) Between Subjective Measures in Both Experiment Conditions

Placebo

MPH

Mean (mm)

Std. deviation

Mean (mm)

Std. deviation

Using a T-test, no significant difference was found for any pair. A negative value signifies a tendency towards the right handed adjective. (n = 45, P > 0.05).

Friendly - Withdrawn

-0.77

11.72

1.25

9.90

Alert - Drowsy

0.05

22.4

-6.50

20.08

Calm - Excited

-5.27

17.68

-1.64

18.52

Clear minded - Fuzzy

6.25

14.41

4.82

17.06

Coordinated - Clumsy

3.36

11.26

3.89

14.03

Energetic - Lethargic

4.09

19.11

-1.68

17.82

Troubled - Tranquil

-0.64

14.39

-2.95

16.72

Contented - Discontented

1.50

10.75

-5.30

12.73

Strong - Feeble

3.05

14.59

1.68

16.19

Mentally slow - Quick witted

-2.18

15.17

-1.20

12.06

Tense - Relaxed

-1.11

15.30

-3.30

12.23

Attentive - Dreamy

0.41

14.38

1.30

12.21

Proficient - Incompetent

1.66

8.40

0.41

11.47

Happy - Sad

-2.05

10.29

-2.45

12.28

Amicable - Antagonistic

0.43

8.50

0.02

7.69

Interested - Bored

1.02

13.06

-2.36

11.24