J Neurol Res

Figure 1. Sagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (TR 500 TE 24). (A) Spinal cord compressions owing to C4-5, C5-6 intervertebral disk hernias were observed in Patient 1. (B) Spinal cord compressions owing to C6-7 (and mild C3-4) intervertebral disk hernias were observed in Patient 2. C3 vertebral level spinal cord showed a mild high intensity area and myelomalacia was suspected. (C) C3 vertebra was sliding posterior. C3-4, C4-5 (and mild C5-6) intervertebral level spinal cord compressions and spinal canal stenosis were observed in Patent 3. (D) Spinal cord compression owing to C5-6 intervertebral disk bulging and spinal canal stenosis were observed in Patient 4. (E) Spinal cord compression owing to C5-6 intervertebral level lesion was observed in Patient 5. (F) Spinal cord compression owing to C4-5 intervertebral disk hernia was observed in Patient 6. (G) Spinal cord compressions owing to C4-5 and C5-6 intervertebral disk bulging with osteophyte formations were observed in Patient 7. (H) Spinal cord compression owing to C3-4 intervertebral kyphosis deformity was observed in Patient 8. (I) Spinal cord compression owing to C4-5 intervertebral level lesion and a T2 high intensity area in C4 vertebral level spinal cord were observed in Patient 9. (J) Spinal cord compressions and deformity owing to C5-6 (and mild C4-5) intervertebral level lesions were observed in Patient 10. (K) Severe spinal cord compressions owing to C6-7 (mild C4-5 and C5-6) intervertebral disk bulging and osteophyte formations were observed in Patient 11. (L) Spinal cord compressions owing to C4-5 (and mild C5-6) intervertebral level lesions were observed in Patient 13. (M) Spinal cord compression owing to C4-5 intervetebral disk hernia was observed in Patient 17. (N) Spinal cord compression and mild deformity owing to C5-6 intervertebral disk hernia and hypertrophy of the posterior longitudinal ligament lesion were observed in Patient 18. (O) Spinal cord compressions owing to C5-6 (mild C4-5 and C6-7) intervertebral disk bulging were observed in Patient 19. (P) Spinal cord compression owing to C4-5 intervertebral disk bulging was observed in Patient 20. (Q) Spinal cord compressions owing to C4-5 and C5-6 intervertebral level osteophyte formations were observed in Patient 21. (R) Right side dominant spinal cord compressions owing to C4-5 and C5-6 intervertebral disk hernias were observed in Patient 22. (S) Spinal cord compression owing to C5-6 intervertebral disk bulging was observed in Patient 23. (T) Spinal cord compression owing to osteophyte formation of C6 vertebra and hypertrophy of posterior longitudinal ligament was observed in Patient 24.

Figure 2. Axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (TR 500 TE 24). (A) C4-5 intervertebral level section of Patient 1. Spinal cord compression and boomerang-like change owing to C4-5 intervertebral disk hernia were observed. (B) C5-6 intervertebral level section of Patient 1. Spinal cord compression and boomerang-like change owing to C5-6 intervertebral disk hernia were observed. (C) C6-7 intervertebral level section of Patient 2. Spinal cord compression and mild boomerang-like change owing to C6-7 intervertebral disk hernia were observed. (D) C3-4 intervertebral level section of Patient 3. C3-4 intervertebral level spinal cord compression and spinal canal stenosis owing to C3 vertebral sliding were observed. (E) C4-5 intervertebral level section of Patient 3. C4-5 intervertebral level spinal cord compression and spinal canal stenosis owing to C3 vertebral sliding were observed. (F) C5-6 intervertebral level section of Patient 4. Spinal cord compression owing to C5-6 intervertebral disk bulging was observed. (G) C4-5 intervertebral level section of Patient 6. Spinal cord compression owing to C4-5 intervertebral disk hernia was observed. (H) C4-5 intervertebral level section of Patient 9. Spinal cord compression owing to C4-5 intervertebral level lesion was observed. (I) C4-5 intervertebral level section of Patient 13. Spinal cord compression and boomerang-like change owing to C4-5 intervertebral level lesion were observed. (J) C5-6 intervertebral level section of Patient 18. Spinal cord compression and mild deformity owing to C5-6 intervertebral disk hernia and hypertrophy of the posterior longitudinal ligament lesion were observed.

Patient	Age, Gender	Vertebral level	DTRs	Sensory levels	Sensory and other symptoms
DTR: deep tendon reflex; hyper: hyperreflexia; normo: normoreflexia; hypo: hyporeflexia; a: areflexia; dis.: disturbance; hyperhidro.: hyperhidrosis; hypohidro.: hypohidrosis.
1	72, F	C4-5, C5-6, C6-7	hyper	C7	tingling sensation of left hand
2	64, M	C6-7, (C3-4)	variable	-	tingling of both hands, chest pain
3	71, M	C3-4, C4-5, (C5-6)	hyper	-	gait dis.
4	62, F	C5-6	variable	-	head hyperhidro., body hypohidro.
5	65, F	C5-6	hyper	-	tingling sensations of both feet
6	62, F	C4-5	variable	-	tingling of all extremities
7	63, M	C4-5, C5-6	a	-	tingling sensation of right hand
8	82, F	C3-4	hyper	-	tingling, weakness of both hands
9	76, F	C4-5	a	C7-8	tingling of both hands, gait dis.
10	46, M	C5-6 (C4-5)	a	-	gait dis., anuresis
11	74, M	C6-7 (C4-5, C5-6)	variable	C4-5	tingling sensations of both hands
12	53, F	C5-6	hypo	-	tingling, numbness of both hands
13	64, F	C4-5 (C5-6)	hypo	C6	weakness of left hand
14	71, F	C5-6	hypo	C5-6	tingling of lower extremities
15	76, F	C4-5	hyper	-	tingling of all extremities
16	74, M	C4-5	hyper	-	gait dis.
17	65, F	C4-5	hyper	-	tingling sensation of right hand
18	62, M	C5-6	normo	-	tingling of left hand, gait dis.
19	81, F	C5-6, (C4-5 (C6-7))	hyper	-	chest discomfort
20	69, M	C4-5	hypo	-	unsteadiness
21	38, M	C4-5, C5-6	hyper	-	stiffness of left forearm
22	58, M	C4-5, C5-6	a	-	tingling sensation of right hand
23	53, F	C5-6	variable	-	tingling sensations of both hands
24	58, F	C6	a	-	tingling, clumsiness of both hands

Patient	Vertebral level	Biceps	Brachioradial	Triceps	Finger jerks	Long tract sign
+++: increased; ++: normal; +: decreased; dis.: disturbance; L/E: lower extremities; PTR: patellar tendon reflex.
1	C4-5, 5-6	+++	+++	+++	+	gait dis., sensory level
2	C6-7 (3-4)	+++	++	-	-	chest pain, gait dis.
3	C3-4, 4-5 (5-6)	+++	+++	+++	+	gait dis.
4	C5-6	+++	+++	+++	+	hypohidrosis of body
5	C5-6	+++	+++	+++	-	tingling sensations of L/E
6	C4-5	++/+++	++/+++	++/+++	+	weakness, sensory disturbance of L/E
7	C4-5, 5-6	-	-	-/++	-	hyperreflexia of L/E
8	C3-4	+++	+++	++	-	hyperreflexia of L/E
9	C4-5	-	-	++	-	gait dis.
10	C4-5	-	-	++	+	gait dis., anuresis, impotence
11	C6-7 (4-5, 5-6)	+	-	++	-	hyperreflexia of L/E
12	C5-6	+	-/+	+	+	pain of both toes, increased right PTR
13	C4-5 (5-6)	++	-	++	+	hyperreflexia of L/E
14	C5-6	+/+++	++	+	+	tingling sensation of right L/E
15	C4-5	+++	+++	++	-	tingling and hyperreflexia of L/E
16	C4-5	+++	+++	+++	-	spasticity, hyperreflexia of L/E, gait dis.
17	C4-5	+++	+++	++	+	(finger jerks)
18	C5-6	++	++	++	-	gait dis.
19	C5-6 (4-5 (6-7))	+++	+++	+++	+	(finger jerks)
20	C4-5	+	+	+	-	(unsteadiness)
21	C4-5, 5-6	+++	+++	+++	+	hyperrefleixa of L/E
22	C4-5, 5-6	-	-	+	-
23	C5-6	++/+++	++/+++	++/+++	-	(Wartenberg reflexes)
24	C6	-	-	++/+	-