J Neurol Res

Journal of Neurology Research, ISSN 1923-2845 print, 1923-2853 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Neurol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.neurores.org

Original Article

Volume 3, Number 3-4, August 2013, pages 114-121

Two Different Approaches in Obtaining Head Computerized Tomography Scan in Minor Head Injuries

**Table 1.** Patient’s Characteristic
Characteristic	Number (%)
EDH: epidural hematoma; SDH: subdural hematoma; SAH: subarchnoid hemorrhage; IVH: intraventricular hemorrhage.
Gender
Male	237 (65.1%)
Female	127 (34.9%)
Age (year)
6 - 10	30 (8.2%)
10 - 20	74 (20.3%)
21 - 40	161 (44.3%)
41 - 60	55 (15.1%)
> 60	44 (12.1%)
Mechanism of injury
Traffic accident	292 (80.2%)
Fall	62 (17.1%)
Assault	10 (2.7%)
CT Scan
Normal	316 (86.8%)
Abnormal	48 (13.2%)
Lesions
EDH	15 (31.2%)
SDH	9 (18.8%)
Parenchymal lesion	11 (22.9%)
IVH	2 (4.1%)
SAH	8 (16.7%)
EDH + SAH	1 (2.1%)
Parenchymal lesion + SAH	1 (2.1%)
Parenchymal lesion + EDH	1 (2.1%)
Neurosurgical intervention	14 (3.7%)

Table 1. Patient’s Characteristic

Characteristic

Number (%)

EDH: epidural hematoma; SDH: subdural hematoma; SAH: subarchnoid hemorrhage; IVH: intraventricular hemorrhage.

Gender

Male

237 (65.1%)

Female

127 (34.9%)

Age (year)

6 - 10

30 (8.2%)

10 - 20

74 (20.3%)

21 - 40

161 (44.3%)

41 - 60

55 (15.1%)

> 60

44 (12.1%)

Mechanism of injury

Traffic accident

292 (80.2%)

Fall

62 (17.1%)

Assault

10 (2.7%)

CT Scan

Normal

316 (86.8%)

Abnormal

48 (13.2%)

Lesions

EDH

15 (31.2%)

SDH

9 (18.8%)

Parenchymal lesion

11 (22.9%)

IVH

2 (4.1%)

SAH

8 (16.7%)

EDH + SAH

1 (2.1%)

Parenchymal lesion + SAH

1 (2.1%)

Parenchymal lesion + EDH

1 (2.1%)

Neurosurgical intervention

14 (3.7%)

**Table 2.** Results of Univariate Analyses Associating Clinical Factors and Abnormal CT Scan
Risk factors	Abnormal CT Scan (n = 48)	Normal CT Scan (n = 316)	No (%)	P value	RR	95 % CI
Chi-square, *Fisher’s Exact. Significant at P < 0.05.
LOC
Yes	45	185	230 (63.2)	< 0.001*	8.74	2.77 - 27.57
No	3	131	134 (36.8)
Amnesia
Yes	35	79	114 (31.3)	< 0.001*	5.90	3.25 - 10.72
No	13	237	250 (68.7)
Seizures
Yes	2	2	4 (1.0)	0.086**	3.91	1.41 - 10.81
No	46	314	360 (99.0)
Cranial soft tissue injury
Yes	35	54	89 (24.5)	< 0.001*	8.32	4.61 - 15.00
No	13	262	275 (75.5)
Vomiting
Yes	25	124	149 (40.9)	0.092*	1.57	0.92 - 2.65
No	23	192	215 (59.1)
Headache
Yes	47	250	297 (81.6)	0.002*	10.60	1.48 - 75.49
No	1	66	67 (18.4)
Fracture
Yes	21	8	29 (8.0)	< 0.001**	8.99	5.86 - 13.75
No	27	308	335 (92)
Age > 60
Yes	15	29	44 (12.1)	< 0.001*	3.30	2.77 - 27.57
No	34	286	319 (87.6)

Table 2. Results of Univariate Analyses Associating Clinical Factors and Abnormal CT Scan

Risk factors

Abnormal CT Scan (n = 48)

Normal CT Scan (n = 316)

No (%)

P value

95 % CI

*Chi-square, **Fisher’s Exact. Significant at P < 0.05.

LOC

Yes

185

230 (63.2)

< 0.001*

8.74

2.77 - 27.57

131

134 (36.8)

Amnesia

Yes

114 (31.3)

< 0.001*

5.90

3.25 - 10.72

237

250 (68.7)

Seizures

Yes

4 (1.0)

0.086**

3.91

1.41 - 10.81

314

360 (99.0)

Cranial soft tissue injury

Yes

89 (24.5)

< 0.001*

8.32

4.61 - 15.00

262

275 (75.5)

Vomiting

Yes

124

149 (40.9)

0.092*

1.57

0.92 - 2.65

192

215 (59.1)

Headache

Yes

250

297 (81.6)

0.002*

10.60

1.48 - 75.49

67 (18.4)

Fracture

Yes

29 (8.0)

< 0.001**

8.99

5.86 - 13.75

308

335 (92)

Age > 60

Yes

44 (12.1)

< 0.001*

3.30

2.77 - 27.57

286

319 (87.6)

**Table 3.** Results of Multivariate Analyses Associating Clinical Factors and Abnormal CT Scan
Risk factors	P value	RR	95% CI
Logistic Regression *Significant at P < 0.05.
LOC	0.019*	4.84	1.29 - 18.13
Amnesia	0.001*	4.45	1.86 - 10.68
Cranial soft tissue injury	0.001*	8.56	3.43 - 21.46
Headache	0.135	4.93	0.61 - 40.06
Skull fracture	0.002*	6.81	2.04 - 22.77
Age > 60 years	0.001*	5.56	2.09 - 14.77

Table 3. Results of Multivariate Analyses Associating Clinical Factors and Abnormal CT Scan

Risk factors

P value

95% CI

Logistic Regression *Significant at P < 0.05.

LOC

0.019*

4.84

1.29 - 18.13

Amnesia

0.001*

4.45

1.86 - 10.68

Cranial soft tissue injury

0.001*

8.56

3.43 - 21.46

Headache

0.135

4.93

0.61 - 40.06

Skull fracture

0.002*

6.81

2.04 - 22.77

Age > 60 years

0.001*

5.56

2.09 - 14.77

**Table 4.** Results of Univariate Analyses Associating Clinical Factors and the Need for Surgery
Risk factors	No. of patients	P value	RR	95 % CI
Chi-square, *Fisher’s Exact. Significant at P < 0.05.
LOC
Yes	230	0.019*	7.57	1.00 - 57.25
No	134
Amnesia
Yes	114	< 0.001**	28.51	3.77 - 215.30
No	250
Seizure
Yes	4	0.146	6.92	1.16 - 41.02
No	360
Vomiting
Yes	149	0.482	1.44	0.51 - 4.02
No	215
Cranial soft tissue injury
Yes	89	< 0.001**	40.17	5.32 - 307.76
No	275
Headache
Yes	297	0.082**	0.95	0.92 - 0.97
No	67
Cranial fracture
Yes	29	< 0.001**	28.88	9.65 - 86.38
No	335
Age > 60 years
Yes	44	0.233**	1.98	0.57 - 6.83
No	319

Table 4. Results of Univariate Analyses Associating Clinical Factors and the Need for Surgery

Risk factors

No. of patients

P value

95 % CI

*Chi-square, **Fisher’s Exact. Significant at P < 0.05.

LOC

Yes

230

0.019*

7.57

1.00 - 57.25

134

Amnesia

Yes

114

< 0.001**

28.51

3.77 - 215.30

250

Seizure

Yes

0.146

6.92

1.16 - 41.02

360

Vomiting

Yes

149

0.482

1.44

0.51 - 4.02

215

Cranial soft tissue injury

Yes

< 0.001**

40.17

5.32 - 307.76

275

Headache

Yes

297

0.082**

0.95

0.92 - 0.97

Cranial fracture

Yes

< 0.001**

28.88

9.65 - 86.38

335

Age > 60 years

Yes

0.233**

1.98

0.57 - 6.83

319

**Table 5.** Results of Multivariate Analyses Associating Clinical Factors and the Need for Surgery
Risk factors	P value	RR	95% CI
Logistic Regression. *Significant at P < 0.05.
Amnesia	0.018*	0.068	0.007 - 0.626
Cranial soft tissue injury	0.018*	0.076	0.009 - 0.647
Skull fracture	< 0.001*	0.145	0.035 - 0.607

Table 5. Results of Multivariate Analyses Associating Clinical Factors and the Need for Surgery

Risk factors

P value

95% CI

Logistic Regression. *Significant at P < 0.05.

Amnesia

0.018*

0.068

0.007 - 0.626

Cranial soft tissue injury

0.018*

0.076

0.009 - 0.647

Skull fracture

< 0.001*

0.145

0.035 - 0.607