J Neurol Res

Journal of Neurology Research, ISSN 1923-2845 print, 1923-2853 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Neurol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.neurores.org

Original Article

Volume 4, Number 1, February 2014, pages 22-30

Learning Disabilities in Different Types of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders and its Relation to Cortical and Brainstem Function

**Table 1.** Comparison of Learning Disability Scores in Patient and Control Groups
	Mean	SD	P value
Patients	2.81	0.51	0.000***
Control	3.52	0.39

Table 1. Comparison of Learning Disability Scores in Patient and Control Groups

Mean

P value

Patients

2.81

0.51

0.000***

Control

3.52

0.39

**Table 2.** Comparison of Learning Disability Scores in ADHD Subtypes
	Mean	SD	P value
ADHD-C	2.92	0.46	0.019*
ADHD-I	2.40	0.52
ADHD-HI	2.97	0.39

Table 2. Comparison of Learning Disability Scores in ADHD Subtypes

Mean

P value

ADHD-C

2.92

0.46

0.019*

ADHD-I

2.40

0.52

ADHD-HI

2.97

0.39

**Table 3.** Comparison Between the ABR Means of Both Ears in Case and Control Groups
Wave	Group	Mean	SD	P value
Wave I	Patients	1.49	0.09	0.116
	Control	1.52	0.09
Wave II	Patients	2.53	0.14	0.644
	Control	2.54	0.14
Wave III	Patients	3.58	0.19	0.025*
	Control	3.50	0.13
Wave IV	Patients	4.68	0.20	0.018*
	Control	4.60	0.15
Wave V	Patients	5.51	0.25	0.006**
	Control	5.38	0.19
Interval I-III	Patients	2.08	0.19	0.001**
	Control	1.99	0.11
Interval III-V	Patients	1.94	0.15	0.035*
	Control	1.89	0.13
Interval I-V	Patients	4.02	0.24	0.001**
	Control	3.87	0.18

Table 3. Comparison Between the ABR Means of Both Ears in Case and Control Groups

Wave

Group

Mean

P value

Wave I

Patients

1.49

0.09

0.116

Control

1.52

0.09

Wave II

Patients

2.53

0.14

0.644

Control

2.54

0.14

Wave III

Patients

3.58

0.19

0.025*

Control

3.50

0.13

Wave IV

Patients

4.68

0.20

0.018*

Control

4.60

0.15

Wave V

Patients

5.51

0.25

0.006**

Control

5.38

0.19

Interval I-III

Patients

2.08

0.19

0.001**

Control

1.99

0.11

Interval III-V

Patients

1.94

0.15

0.035*

Control

1.89

0.13

Interval I-V

Patients

4.02

0.24

0.001**

Control

3.87

0.18

**Table 4.** One-Way ANOVA Test Comparing Means of ABR Waves and Intervals in ADHD Subtypes
Wave	ADHD subtype	Mean	SD	P value
Wave I	ADHD-I	1.49	0.08	0.971
	ADHD-C	1.50	0.10
	ADHD-HI	1.50	0.00
Wave II	ADHD-I	2.54	0.12	0.202
	ADHD-C	2.54	0.12
	ADHD-HI	2.40	0.20
Wave III	ADHD-I	3.78	0.22	0.000***
	ADHD-C	3.53	0.11
	ADHD-HI	3.43	0.21
Wave IV	ADHD-I	4.77	0.24	0.167
	ADHD-C	4.68	0.17
	ADHD-HI	4.53	0.21
Wave V	ADHD-I	5.76	0.28	0.002**
	ADHD-C	5.45	0.20
	ADHD-HI	5.37	0.23
Interval I-III	ADHD-I	2.27	0.20	0.001**
	ADHD-C	2.03	0.14
	ADHD-HI	1.93	0.21
Interval III-V	ADHD-I	1.98	0.19	0.614
	ADHD-C	1.92	0.14
	ADHD-HI	1.93	0.06
Interval I-V	ADHD-I	4.24	0.29	0.002**
	ADHD-C	3.95	0.18
	ADHD-HI	3.87	0.23

Table 4. One-Way ANOVA Test Comparing Means of ABR Waves and Intervals in ADHD Subtypes

Wave

ADHD subtype

Mean

P value

Wave I

ADHD-I

1.49

0.08

0.971

ADHD-C

1.50

0.10

ADHD-HI

1.50

0.00

Wave II

ADHD-I

2.54

0.12

0.202

ADHD-C

2.54

0.12

ADHD-HI

2.40

0.20

Wave III

ADHD-I

3.78

0.22

0.000***

ADHD-C

3.53

0.11

ADHD-HI

3.43

0.21

Wave IV

ADHD-I

4.77

0.24

0.167

ADHD-C

4.68

0.17

ADHD-HI

4.53

0.21

Wave V

ADHD-I

5.76

0.28

0.002**

ADHD-C

5.45

0.20

ADHD-HI

5.37

0.23

Interval I-III

ADHD-I

2.27

0.20

0.001**

ADHD-C

2.03

0.14

ADHD-HI

1.93

0.21

Interval III-V

ADHD-I

1.98

0.19

0.614

ADHD-C

1.92

0.14

ADHD-HI

1.93

0.06

Interval I-V

ADHD-I

4.24

0.29

0.002**

ADHD-C

3.95

0.18

ADHD-HI

3.87

0.23

**Table 5.** Correlations of Learning Disability to Neurophysiology Parameters
Variable	Correlation coefficient (r)	P value
Inattention	-0.310	0.051
Hyperactivity	0.135	0.406
Wave I	0.164	0.313
Wave II	0.028	0.862
Wave III	-0.412	0.008**
Wave IV	-0.343	0.030*
Wave V	-0.400	0.011*
I-III interval	-0.474	0.002**
III-V interval	-0.173	0.287
I-V interval	-0.464	0.003**
Epileptiform activity	-0.313	0.049*

Table 5. Correlations of Learning Disability to Neurophysiology Parameters

Variable

Correlation coefficient (r)

P value

Inattention

-0.310

0.051

Hyperactivity

0.135

0.406

Wave I

0.164

0.313

Wave II

0.028

0.862

Wave III

-0.412

0.008**

Wave IV

-0.343

0.030*

Wave V

-0.400

0.011*

I-III interval

-0.474

0.002**

III-V interval

-0.173

0.287

I-V interval

-0.464

0.003**

Epileptiform activity

-0.313

0.049*