J Neurol Res

Journal of Neurology Research, ISSN 1923-2845 print, 1923-2853 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Neurol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.neurores.org

Original Article

Volume 6, Number 4, August 2016, pages 65-71

Electroencephalography Versus Psychometric Tests in Diagnosis of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy

**Table 1.** Correlation Between Clinical Neuropsychiatric Manifestations and EEG Changes
Neuropsychiatric symptoms	EEG slow waves	χ²	P-value
Attention										< 0.05*
Normal	11	33.3	1	20.0	1	8.3	13	26.0	4.0
Impaired	22	66.7	4	80.0	11	91.7	37	74.0
Memory										< 0.05*
Normal	1	3	2	40.0	2	16.7	5	10.0	7.37
Impaired	32	97	3	60.0	10	83.3	45	90.0
Mood										> 0.05
Normal	9	27.3	3	60.0	3	28.6	15	30.0	2.4
Impaired	24	72.7	2	40.0	9	71.4	35	70.0
Perception										> 0.05
Normal	11	33.3	5	41.7	5	37.5	19	38.0	1.4
Impaired	22	66.7	7	58.3	9	64.3	31	62.0
Thinking										< 0.05
Normal	11	33.3	4	80.0	5	41.7	20	40.0	4.0
Impaired	22	66.7	1	20.0	7	58.3	30	60.0
Visio-spatial										> 0.05
Normal	10	30.3	3	60.0	4	33.3	17	34.0	1.7
Impaired	23	69.7	2	40.0	8	66.7	33	66.0
Insight										> 0.05
Normal	11	33.3	4	80.0	5	41.7	20	40.0	3.9
Impaired	22	66.7	1	20.0	7	58.3	30	60.0
Judgment										> 0.05
Normal	11	33.3	4	80.0	5	41.7	20	40.0	3.9
Impaired	22	66.7	1	20.0	7	58.3	30	60.0
Abstraction										> 0.05
Normal	11	33.3	4	80.0	5	41.7	20	40.0	3.9
Impaired	22	66.7	1	20.0	7	58.3	30	60.0
Sleep										> 0.05
Normal	1	3.0	1	20.0	0	0.0	2	4.0	3.9
Impaired	32	97.0	4	80.0	12	100.0	48	96.0
Motor deficit										> 0.05
Normal	28	84.8	5	100.0	12	100.0	45	90.0	2.8
Impaired	5	15.2	0	0.0	0	0.0	5	10.0

Table 1. Correlation Between Clinical Neuropsychiatric Manifestations and EEG Changes

Neuropsychiatric symptoms

EEG slow waves

χ²

P-value

No (N = 33)

Delta (N = 5)

Theta (N = 12)

Total (N = 50)

No.

Attention

< 0.05*

Normal

33.3

20.0

8.3

26.0

4.0

Impaired

66.7

80.0

91.7

74.0

Memory

< 0.05*

Normal

40.0

16.7

10.0

7.37

Impaired

60.0

83.3

90.0

Mood

> 0.05

Normal

27.3

60.0

28.6

30.0

2.4

Impaired

72.7

40.0

71.4

70.0

Perception

> 0.05

Normal

33.3

41.7

37.5

38.0

1.4

Impaired

66.7

58.3

64.3

62.0

Thinking

< 0.05

Normal

33.3

80.0

41.7

40.0

4.0

Impaired

66.7

20.0

58.3

60.0

Visio-spatial

> 0.05

Normal

30.3

60.0

33.3

34.0

1.7

Impaired

69.7

40.0

66.7

66.0

Insight

> 0.05

Normal

33.3

80.0

41.7

40.0

3.9

Impaired

66.7

20.0

58.3

60.0

Judgment

> 0.05

Normal

33.3

80.0

41.7

40.0

3.9

Impaired

66.7

20.0

58.3

60.0

Abstraction

> 0.05

Normal

33.3

80.0

41.7

40.0

3.9

Impaired

66.7

20.0

58.3

60.0

Sleep

> 0.05

Normal

3.0

20.0

0.0

4.0

3.9

Impaired

97.0

80.0

100.0

96.0

Motor deficit

> 0.05

Normal

84.8

100.0

90.0

2.8

Impaired

15.2

0.0

10.0

**Table 2.** Correlation Between Neuropsychiatric Manifestations and Psychometric Tests
Clinical neuropsychiatric manifestations	Psychometric tests results	χ²	P-value
Attention								< 0.01*
Normal	3	7.5	10	100.0	13	26.0	35.5
Impaired	37	92.5	0	0.0	37	74.0
Memory								< 0.01*
Normal	2	5.0	3	30.0	5	10.0	5.6
Impaired	38	95.0	7	70.0	45	90.0
Mood								> 0.05
Normal	12	30.0	3	30.0	15	30.0	0.00
Impaired	28	70.0	7	70.0	35	70.0
Perception								> 0.05
Normal	16	40.0	3	30.0	19	38.0	0.340
Impaired	24	60.0	7	70.0	31	62.0
Thinking								> 0.05
Normal	17	42.5	3	30.0	20	40.0	0.521
Impaired	23	57.5	7	70.0	30	60.0
Visio-spatial								> 0.05
Normal	14	35.0	3	30.0	17	34.0	0.089
Impaired	26	65.0	7	70.0	33	66.0
Insight								> 0.05
Normal	17	42.5	3	30.0	20	40.0	0.521
Impaired	23	57.5	7	70.0	30	60.0
Judgment								> 0.05
Normal	17	42.5	3	30.0	20	40.0	0.521
Impaired	23	57.5	7	70.0	30	60.0
Abstraction								> 0.05
Normal	17	42.5	3	30.0	20	40.0	0.521
Impaired	23	57.5	7	70.0	30	60.0
Sleep								< 0.05*
Normal	0	0.0	2	20.0	2	4.0	8.33
Impaired	40	100	8	80.0	48	96.0
Motor deficit								> 0.05
Normal	38	5.0	7	70.0	9	18.0	5.5
Impaired	2	95.0	3	30.0	41	82.0

Table 2. Correlation Between Neuropsychiatric Manifestations and Psychometric Tests

Clinical neuropsychiatric manifestations

Psychometric tests results

χ²

P-value

Positive (N = 40)

Negative (N = 10)

Total (N = 50)

No.

Attention

< 0.01*

Normal

7.5

100.0

26.0

35.5

Impaired

92.5

0.0

74.0

Memory

< 0.01*

Normal

5.0

30.0

10.0

5.6

Impaired

95.0

70.0

90.0

Mood

> 0.05

Normal

30.0

0.00

Impaired

70.0

Perception

> 0.05

Normal

40.0

30.0

38.0

0.340

Impaired

60.0

70.0

62.0

Thinking

> 0.05

Normal

42.5

30.0

40.0

0.521

Impaired

57.5

70.0

60.0

Visio-spatial

> 0.05

Normal

35.0

30.0

34.0

0.089

Impaired

65.0

70.0

66.0

Insight

> 0.05

Normal

42.5

30.0

40.0

0.521

Impaired

57.5

70.0

60.0

Judgment

> 0.05

Normal

42.5

30.0

40.0

0.521

Impaired

57.5

70.0

60.0

Abstraction

> 0.05

Normal

42.5

30.0

40.0

0.521

Impaired

57.5

70.0

60.0

Sleep

< 0.05*

Normal

0.0

20.0

4.0

8.33

Impaired

100

80.0

96.0

Motor deficit

> 0.05

Normal

5.0

70.0

18.0

5.5

Impaired

95.0

30.0

82.0

**Table 3.** Correlation Between Neuropsychiatric Manifestations and Child Score
Neuropsychiatric manifestations	Child score	Total (N = 50)	χ²	P-value
Absent								0.39	> 0.05
No.	6	3	4	9	7	1	30
%	54.5	60.0	66.7	60.0	63.6	50.0	60.0
Present
No.	5	2	2	6	4	1	20
%	45.5	40.0	33.3	40.0	36.4	50.0	40.0

Table 3. Correlation Between Neuropsychiatric Manifestations and Child Score

Neuropsychiatric manifestations

Child score

Total (N = 50)

χ²

P-value

5 (N = 11)

6 (N = 5)

8 (N = 6)

9 (N = 15)

10 (N = 11)

11 (N = 2)

Absent

0.39

> 0.05

No.

54.5

60.0

66.7

60.0

63.6

50.0

60.0

Present

No.

45.5

40.0

33.3

40.0

36.4

50.0

40.0

**Table 4.** Correlation Between EEG Slow Waves and Child Score
EEG slow waves	Child score	Total (N = 50)	χ²	P-value
Absent								4.63	> 0.05
No	8	4	4	9	6	2	33
%	72.7	80.0	66.7	60.0	54.5	100.0	66.0
Delta waves
No	0	0	1	2	2	0	5
%	0.0	0.0	16.7	13.3	18.2	0.0	10.0
Theta waves
No	3	1	1	4	3	0	12
%	27.3	20.0	16.7	26.7	27.3	0.0	24.0

Table 4. Correlation Between EEG Slow Waves and Child Score

EEG slow waves

Child score

Total (N = 50)

χ²

P-value

5 (N = 11)

6 (N = 5)

8 (N = 6)

9 (N = 15)

10 (N = 11)

11 (N = 2)

Absent

4.63

> 0.05

72.7

80.0

66.7

60.0

54.5

100.0

66.0

Delta waves

0.0

16.7

13.3

18.2

0.0

10.0

Theta waves

27.3

20.0

16.7

26.7

27.3

0.0

24.0

**Table 5.** Correlation Between Psychometric Test and Child Score
Psychometric test	Child score	Total (N = 50)	χ²	P-value
Positive								10.3	< 0.01*
No.	9	4	2	14	9	2	40
%	81.8	80.0	33.3	93.3	81.8	100.0	80.0
Negative
No.	2	1	4	1	2	0	10
%	18.2	20.0	66.7	6.7	18.2	0.0	20.0

Table 5. Correlation Between Psychometric Test and Child Score

Psychometric test

Child score

Total (N = 50)

χ²

P-value

5 (N = 11)

6 (N = 5)

8 (N = 6)

9 (N = 15)

10 (N = 11)

11 (N = 2)

Positive

10.3

< 0.01*

No.

81.8

80.0

33.3

93.3

81.8

100.0

80.0

Negative

No.

18.2

20.0

66.7

6.7

18.2

0.0

20.0