Journal of Neurology Research, ISSN 1923-2845 print, 1923-2853 online, Open Access |
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Neurol Res and Elmer Press Inc |
Journal website http://www.neurores.org |
Original Article
Volume 6, Number 4, August 2016, pages 65-71
Electroencephalography Versus Psychometric Tests in Diagnosis of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy
Tables
Neuropsychiatric symptoms | EEG slow waves | χ2 | P-value | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No (N = 33) | Delta (N = 5) | Theta (N = 12) | Total (N = 50) | |||||||
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |||
Attention | < 0.05* | |||||||||
Normal | 11 | 33.3 | 1 | 20.0 | 1 | 8.3 | 13 | 26.0 | 4.0 | |
Impaired | 22 | 66.7 | 4 | 80.0 | 11 | 91.7 | 37 | 74.0 | ||
Memory | < 0.05* | |||||||||
Normal | 1 | 3 | 2 | 40.0 | 2 | 16.7 | 5 | 10.0 | 7.37 | |
Impaired | 32 | 97 | 3 | 60.0 | 10 | 83.3 | 45 | 90.0 | ||
Mood | > 0.05 | |||||||||
Normal | 9 | 27.3 | 3 | 60.0 | 3 | 28.6 | 15 | 30.0 | 2.4 | |
Impaired | 24 | 72.7 | 2 | 40.0 | 9 | 71.4 | 35 | 70.0 | ||
Perception | > 0.05 | |||||||||
Normal | 11 | 33.3 | 5 | 41.7 | 5 | 37.5 | 19 | 38.0 | 1.4 | |
Impaired | 22 | 66.7 | 7 | 58.3 | 9 | 64.3 | 31 | 62.0 | ||
Thinking | < 0.05 | |||||||||
Normal | 11 | 33.3 | 4 | 80.0 | 5 | 41.7 | 20 | 40.0 | 4.0 | |
Impaired | 22 | 66.7 | 1 | 20.0 | 7 | 58.3 | 30 | 60.0 | ||
Visio-spatial | > 0.05 | |||||||||
Normal | 10 | 30.3 | 3 | 60.0 | 4 | 33.3 | 17 | 34.0 | 1.7 | |
Impaired | 23 | 69.7 | 2 | 40.0 | 8 | 66.7 | 33 | 66.0 | ||
Insight | > 0.05 | |||||||||
Normal | 11 | 33.3 | 4 | 80.0 | 5 | 41.7 | 20 | 40.0 | 3.9 | |
Impaired | 22 | 66.7 | 1 | 20.0 | 7 | 58.3 | 30 | 60.0 | ||
Judgment | > 0.05 | |||||||||
Normal | 11 | 33.3 | 4 | 80.0 | 5 | 41.7 | 20 | 40.0 | 3.9 | |
Impaired | 22 | 66.7 | 1 | 20.0 | 7 | 58.3 | 30 | 60.0 | ||
Abstraction | > 0.05 | |||||||||
Normal | 11 | 33.3 | 4 | 80.0 | 5 | 41.7 | 20 | 40.0 | 3.9 | |
Impaired | 22 | 66.7 | 1 | 20.0 | 7 | 58.3 | 30 | 60.0 | ||
Sleep | > 0.05 | |||||||||
Normal | 1 | 3.0 | 1 | 20.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 4.0 | 3.9 | |
Impaired | 32 | 97.0 | 4 | 80.0 | 12 | 100.0 | 48 | 96.0 | ||
Motor deficit | > 0.05 | |||||||||
Normal | 28 | 84.8 | 5 | 100.0 | 12 | 100.0 | 45 | 90.0 | 2.8 | |
Impaired | 5 | 15.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 5 | 10.0 |
Clinical neuropsychiatric manifestations | Psychometric tests results | χ2 | P-value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive (N = 40) | Negative (N = 10) | Total (N = 50) | ||||||
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |||
Attention | < 0.01* | |||||||
Normal | 3 | 7.5 | 10 | 100.0 | 13 | 26.0 | 35.5 | |
Impaired | 37 | 92.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 37 | 74.0 | ||
Memory | < 0.01* | |||||||
Normal | 2 | 5.0 | 3 | 30.0 | 5 | 10.0 | 5.6 | |
Impaired | 38 | 95.0 | 7 | 70.0 | 45 | 90.0 | ||
Mood | > 0.05 | |||||||
Normal | 12 | 30.0 | 3 | 30.0 | 15 | 30.0 | 0.00 | |
Impaired | 28 | 70.0 | 7 | 70.0 | 35 | 70.0 | ||
Perception | > 0.05 | |||||||
Normal | 16 | 40.0 | 3 | 30.0 | 19 | 38.0 | 0.340 | |
Impaired | 24 | 60.0 | 7 | 70.0 | 31 | 62.0 | ||
Thinking | > 0.05 | |||||||
Normal | 17 | 42.5 | 3 | 30.0 | 20 | 40.0 | 0.521 | |
Impaired | 23 | 57.5 | 7 | 70.0 | 30 | 60.0 | ||
Visio-spatial | > 0.05 | |||||||
Normal | 14 | 35.0 | 3 | 30.0 | 17 | 34.0 | 0.089 | |
Impaired | 26 | 65.0 | 7 | 70.0 | 33 | 66.0 | ||
Insight | > 0.05 | |||||||
Normal | 17 | 42.5 | 3 | 30.0 | 20 | 40.0 | 0.521 | |
Impaired | 23 | 57.5 | 7 | 70.0 | 30 | 60.0 | ||
Judgment | > 0.05 | |||||||
Normal | 17 | 42.5 | 3 | 30.0 | 20 | 40.0 | 0.521 | |
Impaired | 23 | 57.5 | 7 | 70.0 | 30 | 60.0 | ||
Abstraction | > 0.05 | |||||||
Normal | 17 | 42.5 | 3 | 30.0 | 20 | 40.0 | 0.521 | |
Impaired | 23 | 57.5 | 7 | 70.0 | 30 | 60.0 | ||
Sleep | < 0.05* | |||||||
Normal | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 20.0 | 2 | 4.0 | 8.33 | |
Impaired | 40 | 100 | 8 | 80.0 | 48 | 96.0 | ||
Motor deficit | > 0.05 | |||||||
Normal | 38 | 5.0 | 7 | 70.0 | 9 | 18.0 | 5.5 | |
Impaired | 2 | 95.0 | 3 | 30.0 | 41 | 82.0 |
Neuropsychiatric manifestations | Child score | Total (N = 50) | χ2 | P-value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 (N = 11) | 6 (N = 5) | 8 (N = 6) | 9 (N = 15) | 10 (N = 11) | 11 (N = 2) | ||||
Absent | 0.39 | > 0.05 | |||||||
No. | 6 | 3 | 4 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 30 | ||
% | 54.5 | 60.0 | 66.7 | 60.0 | 63.6 | 50.0 | 60.0 | ||
Present | |||||||||
No. | 5 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 20 | ||
% | 45.5 | 40.0 | 33.3 | 40.0 | 36.4 | 50.0 | 40.0 |
EEG slow waves | Child score | Total (N = 50) | χ2 | P-value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 (N = 11) | 6 (N = 5) | 8 (N = 6) | 9 (N = 15) | 10 (N = 11) | 11 (N = 2) | ||||
Absent | 4.63 | > 0.05 | |||||||
No | 8 | 4 | 4 | 9 | 6 | 2 | 33 | ||
% | 72.7 | 80.0 | 66.7 | 60.0 | 54.5 | 100.0 | 66.0 | ||
Delta waves | |||||||||
No | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 5 | ||
% | 0.0 | 0.0 | 16.7 | 13.3 | 18.2 | 0.0 | 10.0 | ||
Theta waves | |||||||||
No | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 12 | ||
% | 27.3 | 20.0 | 16.7 | 26.7 | 27.3 | 0.0 | 24.0 |
Psychometric test | Child score | Total (N = 50) | χ2 | P-value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 (N = 11) | 6 (N = 5) | 8 (N = 6) | 9 (N = 15) | 10 (N = 11) | 11 (N = 2) | ||||
Positive | 10.3 | < 0.01* | |||||||
No. | 9 | 4 | 2 | 14 | 9 | 2 | 40 | ||
% | 81.8 | 80.0 | 33.3 | 93.3 | 81.8 | 100.0 | 80.0 | ||
Negative | |||||||||
No. | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 10 | ||
% | 18.2 | 20.0 | 66.7 | 6.7 | 18.2 | 0.0 | 20.0 |