J Neurol Res

Journal of Neurology Research, ISSN 1923-2845 print, 1923-2853 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Neurol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.neurores.org

Original Article

Volume 10, Number 5, October 2020, pages 193-198

Association Between Trauma Center Designation and Spinal Cord Injury Admission in the USA

**Table 1.** Annual ED Visits and Admissions After SCI at Trauma Center (TC) and Non-Trauma Center (NTC) in the USA From 2006 to 2014
	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
SCI: spinal cord injury; ED: emergency department.
Total annual ED visits after SCI	51,719	52,479	56,516	56,692	59,014	59,059	58,261	56,947	66,029
Total annual admissions to same hospital from ED visits after SCI	39,129 (75.67%)	39,285 (74.86%)	42,721 (75.59%)	41,837 (73.78%)	45,505 (77.11%)	44,857 (75.95%)	43,586 (74.81%)	41,965 (73.69%)	50,127 (75.92%)
TC visits after SCI	27,781	29,439	31,522	30,438	33,268	46,774	43,984	38,897	43,926
TC admissions after SCI	23,445 (84.39%)	23,848 (81.01%)	25,701 (81.53%)	24,811 (81.51%)	28,120 (84.53%)	36,678 (78.42%)	33,739 (76.71%)	29,839 (76.71%)	35,635 (81.12%)
NTC visits after SCI	23,938	23,040	24,994	26,254	25,747	12,285	14,277	18,051	22,104
NTC admissions after SCI	15,683 (65.5%)	15,437 (67%)	17,020 (68.1%)	17,026 (64.85%)	17,385 (67.52%)	8,179 (66.58%)	9,847 (68.97%)	12,126 (67.18%)	14,493 (65.57%)
P value for number of admissions after SCI	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001

Table 1. Annual ED Visits and Admissions After SCI at Trauma Center (TC) and Non-Trauma Center (NTC) in the USA From 2006 to 2014

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

SCI: spinal cord injury; ED: emergency department.

Total annual ED visits after SCI

51,719

52,479

56,516

56,692

59,014

59,059

58,261

56,947

66,029

Total annual admissions to same hospital from ED visits after SCI

39,129 (75.67%)

39,285 (74.86%)

42,721 (75.59%)

41,837 (73.78%)

45,505 (77.11%)

44,857 (75.95%)

43,586 (74.81%)

41,965 (73.69%)

50,127 (75.92%)

TC visits after SCI

27,781

29,439

31,522

30,438

33,268

46,774

43,984

38,897

43,926

TC admissions after SCI

23,445 (84.39%)

23,848 (81.01%)

25,701 (81.53%)

24,811 (81.51%)

28,120 (84.53%)

36,678 (78.42%)

33,739 (76.71%)

29,839 (76.71%)

35,635 (81.12%)

NTC visits after SCI

23,938

23,040

24,994

26,254

25,747

12,285

14,277

18,051

22,104

NTC admissions after SCI

15,683 (65.5%)

15,437 (67%)

17,020 (68.1%)

17,026 (64.85%)

17,385 (67.52%)

8,179 (66.58%)

9,847 (68.97%)

12,126 (67.18%)

14,493 (65.57%)

P value for number of admissions after SCI

< 0.0001

**Table 2.** Patient Outcomes After Spinal Cord Injury for Trauma Center (TC) and Non-Trauma Center (NTC) in the USA From 2006 to 2014
	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
The numbers less than 10 are depicted with asterisks (*) for confidentiality based on the Health Care Utilization Project (HCUP) policy.
Total annual SCI TC discharges	9,960	9,871	10,323	9,003	9,884	9,929	9,451	8,932	11,127
Total annual SCI NTC discharges	2,049	1,974	2,164	1,706	1,828	713	940	1,151	1,059
Length of stay TC	14.6	15.1	15	15	14	14	14	12.7	13
Length of stay NTC	8.8	9	8.3	8	8	7	8	8.1	7.4
P value	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
In-hospital mortality
TC	624	694	696	681	728	608	685	628	692
Percent of TC discharges	6.26%	7.03%	6.74%	7.57%	7.37%	6.13%	7.25%	7.03%	6.22%
NTC	122	92	155	133	114	*	*	*	47
Percent of NTC discharges	5.95%	4.67%	7.14%	7.79%	6.24%	*	*	*	4.45%
P value	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	*	*	*	< 0.001
Routine discharge
TC	2,871	2,669	2,901	2,409	2,470	2,752	2,328	2,191	2,817
Percent of TC discharges	28.82%	27.04%	28.10%	26.75%	24.99%	27.72%	24.63%	24.53%	25.31%
NTC	599	616	659	495	466	137	262	295	281
Percent of NTC discharges	29%	31%	30%	29%	25.49%	19.27%	27.86%	25.65%	26.50%
P value	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Discharge to short-term hospital
TC	*	*	1,083	622	729	682	643	424	813
Percent of TC discharges	*	*	10.49%	6.91%	7.38%	7%	6.80%	4.74%	7.31%
NTC	358	247	263	203	262	108	106	109	75
Percent of NTC discharges	17.47%	12.53%	12.16%	11.88%	14.34%	15%	11%	9%	7%
P value	*	*	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Discharge to another institution
TC	5,121	5,082	5,132	4,816	5,410	5,214	5,328	5,143	6,352
Percent of TC discharges	51.42%	51.49%	49.71%	53.50%	54.73%	52.51%	56.37%	57.57%	57.09%
NTC	827	898	891	792	780	404	436	551	575
Percent of NTC discharges	40.34%	45.50%	41.16%	46.46%	42.67%	56.60%	46.41%	47.93%	54.28%
P value	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Discharge to home health care
TC	442	*	410	392	465	459	367	485	396
Percent of TC discharges	4.44%	*	3.97%	4.35%	4.71%	5%	3.89%	5.43%	3.56%
NTC	128	103	171	65	189	*	89	136	69
Percent of NTC discharges	6%	5%	8%	3.79%	10%	*	9%	12%	6%
P value	< 0.001	*	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	*	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

Table 2. Patient Outcomes After Spinal Cord Injury for Trauma Center (TC) and Non-Trauma Center (NTC) in the USA From 2006 to 2014

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

The numbers less than 10 are depicted with asterisks (*) for confidentiality based on the Health Care Utilization Project (HCUP) policy.

Total annual SCI TC discharges

9,960

9,871

10,323

9,003

9,884

9,929

9,451

8,932

11,127

Total annual SCI NTC discharges

2,049

1,974

2,164

1,706

1,828

713

940

1,151

1,059

Length of stay TC

14.6

15.1

12.7

Length of stay NTC

8.8

8.3

8.1

7.4

P value

< 0.001

In-hospital mortality

624

694

696

681

728

608

685

628

692

Percent of TC discharges

6.26%

7.03%

6.74%

7.57%

7.37%

6.13%

7.25%

7.03%

6.22%

NTC

122

155

133

114

Percent of NTC discharges

5.95%

4.67%

7.14%

7.79%

6.24%

4.45%

P value

< 0.001

Routine discharge

2,871

2,669

2,901

2,409

2,470

2,752

2,328

2,191

2,817

Percent of TC discharges

28.82%

27.04%

28.10%

26.75%

24.99%

27.72%

24.63%

24.53%

25.31%

NTC

599

616

659

495

466

137

262

295

281

Percent of NTC discharges

29%

31%

30%

29%

25.49%

19.27%

27.86%

25.65%

26.50%

P value

< 0.001

Discharge to short-term hospital

1,083

622

729

682

643

424

813

Percent of TC discharges

10.49%

6.91%

7.38%

6.80%

4.74%

7.31%

NTC

358

247

263

203

262

108

106

109

Percent of NTC discharges

17.47%

12.53%

12.16%

11.88%

14.34%

15%

11%

P value

< 0.001

Discharge to another institution

5,121

5,082

5,132

4,816

5,410

5,214

5,328

5,143

6,352

Percent of TC discharges

51.42%

51.49%

49.71%

53.50%

54.73%

52.51%

56.37%

57.57%

57.09%

NTC

827

898

891

792

780

404

436

551

575

Percent of NTC discharges

40.34%

45.50%

41.16%

46.46%

42.67%

56.60%

46.41%

47.93%

54.28%

P value

< 0.001

Discharge to home health care

442

410

392

465

459

367

485

396

Percent of TC discharges

4.44%

3.97%

4.35%

4.71%

3.89%

5.43%

3.56%

NTC

128

103

171

189

136

Percent of NTC discharges

3.79%

10%

12%

P value

< 0.001