| Journal of Neurology Research, ISSN 1923-2845 print, 1923-2853 online, Open Access |
| Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Neurol Res and Elmer Press Inc |
| Journal website http://www.neurores.org |
Original Article
Volume 1, Number 4, October 2011, pages 133-138
Spontaneous Neurological Deterioration in Acute Cardioembolic Stroke: A Subgroup of Patients With Early Severe Prognosis
Tables
| Data | Early neurological deterioration | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Absent, n = 440 | Present, n = 40 | ||
| Male sex | 163 (37) | 14 (35) | 0.471 |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 77.6 (9.7) | 76.4 (9.3) | 0.891 |
| Vascular risk factors | |||
| Atrial fibrillation | 319 (72.5) | 29 (72.5) | 0.564 |
| Hypertension | 214 (48.6) | 27 (67.5) | 0.016 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 79 (18) | 9 (22.5) | 0.300 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 96 (21.8) | 7 (17.5) | 0.342 |
| Valvular heart disease | 95 (21.6) | 7 (17.5) | 0.354 |
| Congestive heart failure | 40 (9.1) | 4 (10) | 0.511 |
| Previous TIA | 44 (10) | 4 (10) | 0.630 |
| Obesity | 7 (1.6) | 3 (7.5) | 0.043 |
| Clinical features | |||
| Sudden onset | 324 (73.6) | 25 (62.5) | 0.094 |
| Severe headache | 31 (7) | 7 (17.5) | 0.029 |
| Very early seizures | 6 (1.4) | 3 (7.5) | 0.032 |
| Limb weakness | 336 (76.4) | 31 (77.5) | 0.524 |
| Sensory symptoms | 156 (35.5) | 17 (42.5) | 0.235 |
| Hemianopia | 84 (19.1) | 9 (22.5) | 0.365 |
| Speech disturbances | 304 (69.1) | 29 (72.5) | 0.401 |
| Nausea, vomiting | 25 (5.7) | 3 (7.5) | 0.419 |
| Ataxia | 23 (5.2) | 1 (2.5) | 0.388 |
| Cranial nerve palsy | 13 (3) | 1 (2.5) | 0.672 |
| In-hospital mortality | 37 (8.4) | 19 (47.5) | 0.000 |
| Symptom-free at discharge | 76 (17.3) | 2 (5) | 0.04 |
| Hospital stay, days, mean (SD) | 18.5 (12.4) | 30.8 (22.8) | 0.003 |
| Variable | β | SE (β) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β = -3.004, SE (β) = 0.297, goodness-of-fit χ2 = 0.024, d.f. = 1, P = 0.876. Area under the ROC curve = 0.649, sensitivity 75%, specificity 48%, positive predictive value 12%, negative predictive value 95%, correct classification 50%. | ||||
| Early seizures | 1.738 | 0.741 | 5.69 (1.33 - 24.29) | 0.019 |
| Severe headache | 1.081 | 0.463 | 2.95 (1.19 - 7.30) | 0.020 |
| Hypertension | 0.715 | 0.356 | 2.04 (1.02 - 4.11) | 0.044 |